Standard Input / Output Streams Library In C++ (2)

Organization
The library and its hierarchy of classes is split in different files:

1. <ios>, <istream>, <ostream>, <streambuf> and <iosfwd> aren't usually included directly in most C++ programs. They describe the base classes of the hierarchy and are automatically included by other header files of the library that contain derived classes.
2. <iostream> declares the objects used to communicate through the standard input and output (including cin and cout).
3. <fstream> defines the file stream classes (like the template basic_ifstream or the class ofstream) as well as the internal buffer objects used with these (basic_filebuf). These classes are used to manipulate files using streams.
4. <sstream>: The classes defined in this file are used to manipulate string objects as if they were streams.
5. <iomanip> declares some standard manipulators with parameters to be used with extraction and insertion operators to modify internal flags and formatting options.

Compatibility notes
The names, prototypes and examples included in this reference for the iostream classes mostly describe and use the char instantiations of the class templates instead of the templates themselves, even though these classes are only one of their possible instantiations. We believe this provides a better readability and is arguably as easy to obtain the names and prototypes of the basic template from the char instantiation as the opposite.

Elements of the iostream library (char instantitation)

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